The lunar hijri year contains twelve months, with each month containing twenty-nine or thirty days. However, he thought it was probable that the month of Ramadan could be the first month of the religious year and the month of Muharram the beginning of the ordinary year.
Tawus, a prominent Shiite scholar of the seventh/thirteenth century, also held that based on the practice of a great number of past scholars and their books, the month of Ramadan is the beginning of the lunar hijri year. He also regarded the month of Rajab as the last of the sacred months.Īl-Sayyid b. Accordingly, in his book Misbah al-mutahajjid, he began writing about annual rites with the rites of the month of Ramadan and ended them with the rites of the month of Shaʿban. This is because the lunar year of the Arabs before Islam began with Muharram and thus the second caliph decided to choose the same month as the first month of the year in the Muslim calendar and rejected the suggestion of choosing Ramadan as the first month.Īl-Shaykh al-Tusi, the jurist and traditionist of the fifth/eleventh century, maintained that according to widely transmitted Shiite hadiths, the first month of the hijri year was the month of Ramadan. The lunar hijri year starts with the month of Muharram and ends with Dhu l-Hijja. The latter suggestion put forward by Imam Ali (a) was accepted and set as the starting point of the Muslim calendar.Īccording to another view, it was the Prophet (s) himself who set the year of his emigration as the starting point of the Islamic calendar, because in some texts dating back to the time of the Prophet (s), such as the text of the pact between the Prophet (s) and the Christians of Najran and the Prophet’s written advice to Salman al-Farsi, the Hijri dates are written. In this council, three dates in the Prophet’s (s) life were suggested: the beginning of his mission, his demise, and his emigration.
Thus, ʿUmar established a council to set a starting point for the Muslim calendar. According to these reports Abu Musa Ashʿari wrote a letter to ʿUmar complaining about the lack of fixed dates on the letters he received from Umar, which made him confused about the order of the letters. According to some reports, the decision was made during the caliphate of ʿUmar in 17/638 or 18 AH/639. However, there is disagreement as to when this year was chosen as the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
The lunar hijri calendar begins its count from the year the Prophet (s) emigrated from Mecca to Medina. In Iran, the lunar hijri calendar was replaced by the solar hijri calendar in Farvardin 11th, 1304 SH/ March 31, 1925, and the same change was made in Afghanistan in 1301 Sh/1922. The lunar hijri calendar was the official calendar of the Muslim countries prior to the first world war (1914-1918 CE). Muslims have used this calendar to organize their religious deeds and rites, and thus the calendar is also called the Islamic calendar as well. It was called hijri because the hijra (emigration) of the Prophet (s) in 622 CE marked its beginning. The lunar hijri calendar is a calendar based on the cycles of the Moon’s phases. The month in a lunar hijri year are in the following order: Muharram, Safar, Rabiʿ I, Rabiʿ II, Jumada I, Jumada II, Rajab, Shaʿban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhu l-Qaʿda, and Dhu l-Hijja. Tawus, a renowned Shiite scholar in the seventh/thirteenth century, held that the month of Ramadan was probably the beginning of the religious calendar and the month of Muharram was the beginning of the ordinary calendar. According to some hadiths, the month of Ramadan is the first month of the hijri lunar year, and thus religious practices and rituals begin, in some prayer books, with the rites of the month of Ramadan and end with the practices of the month of Shaʿban. The first month in this calendar is Muharram and the last month is Dhu l-Hijja. This year was reportedly chosen as the first year of the Muslim calendar during the caliphate of Umar with the suggestion of Imam Ali (a).Ī lunar hijri year has 354 or 355 days it is ten or eleven days shorter than a solar hijri year. This calendar begins its count from 622 CE when Prophet Muhammad (s) emigrated from Mecca to Medina. The lunar hijri calendar is a calendar based on the cycles of the Moon’s phases and is used, among other things, to organize Islamic rituals.
0 kommentar(er)
